![]() ![]() ![]() A gas has the lowest density of the states, since the particles are loosely packed (more spread out).A liquid has a density between a solid and a gas.A solid has the highest density of the states, since the particles are tightly packed (a given mass fits into a smaller volume or space).The state of a substance affects density indirectly by changing the volume of a given mass. This is the exact value we found by direct calculation. (new density) = 6.25 grams per cubic centimeter.This gives us percentages of X = 0 for mass and Y = -0.2 (-20%) for volume. The mass remained the same, but the volume decreased by 20% (from 100 cubic centimeters to 80 cubic centimeters). We can also figure out the new density by using the percent increases for mass and volume. Density = 6.25 grams per cubic centimeter.Density = 500 grams / 80 cubic centimeters.Density = 500 grams / 100 cubic centimetersĪfter it is condensed, the substance has a mass of 500 grams and a volume of 80 cubic centimeters.(new density) = ((1 + X) / (1 + Y))*(old density) Example: Finding The New Density Of A SubstanceĪt first, a substance has a mass of 500 grams and a volume of 100 cubic centimeters.If we increase the mass by some percentage X and increase the volume by some percentage Y, then we can find the new density as a percentage of the old density by the equation This is why there is more mass in a given volume: because there are more particles within that space. An increase in volume with the same mass decreases density, while a decrease in volume with the same mass increases density (since volume is in the denominator).Ī higher density means that the particles (atoms or molecules) in a substance are more tightly packed together.An increase in mass with the same volume increases density, while a decrease in mass with the same volume decreases density (since mass is in the numerator).Similarly, if a given mass is condensed into a smaller space (for example, by high pressure), the density is higher.Īs you can see from the density equation, mass and volume have a direct effect on density: In fact, a block of lead will float in liquid mercury! Lead is dense, but mercury (shown here) is even denser. The more mass there is in a given space, the higher the density. First, we have the equation for density, which is given by:īasically, density tells us how much mass is in a given space. Let’s start with the basics to see how each of these factors can affect density. Altitude (indirect effect, since a change in altitude can cause temperature or pressure changes) How Do Mass & Volume Affect Density?.Pressure (indirect effect, since a change in pressure can cause state or volume to change).Temperature (indirect effect, since a change in temperature can cause state or volume to change).State (indirect effect, since a change of state changes volume of a given mass).Volume (direct effect, since it appears in the equation for density).Mass (direct effect, since it appears in the equation for density).We’ll also look at what happens to density when each of these factors increases or decreases. In this article, we’ll talk about what affects density. For example, Density = Mass / Volume and PV = nRT can help us to sort through some of these factors that affect density. Of course, there are some key equations that will help us to reason through these relationships. Altitude can affect pressure and temperature, and thus density. A mixture of two substances will have a different density than either of the pure substances. State, temperature, and pressure indirectly affect density, since they can affect the volume of a given mass. So, what affects density? The factors that directly affect density are mass and volume. It helps us to compare two substances to see which gas will rise higher, or which solids will sink or float in a liquid. Density is an important concept in physics and chemistry. ![]()
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